From discounts to data — percentages everywhere
Percentages express a value as a fraction of 100. They appear in discounts, taxes, statistics, grades, and data analysis. Understanding percentages is one of the most practical math skills you can develop.
X% of a number means X/100 × number. 20% of 50 = (20/100) × 50 = 10.
The change relative to the original: ((New − Original) / Original) × 100. A price going from $80 to $100 is a 25% increase.
To convert a fraction to a percentage, divide and multiply by 100. 3/4 = 0.75 = 75%.
10% = move the decimal left one place. 1% = move it two places. 5% = half of 10%. 15% = 10% + 5%.
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